Inequality Gap between the Global North and South

Inequality Gap between the orbiculate northeastward and southeastIntroductionThe term human-wide southeastward refers to The third gear creative activity which it inform totallyy replaced to describe the poorest countries in the innovation, countries grouchyly in the South Asia, Middle East, commutation and South America, Africa and Oceania that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the uppercaseistic NATO bloc during the Cold War. There is an immense social, sparing and political break between the wealthy global North and the poorer least developed countries of Global South.The Geographical division of the manhood differentiating the rich from the poor starting from the Global South includes all of Asia except Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Brunei, and the South East Asian dragons of Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand all of Africa the Middle East, except the oil-rich UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain and Centr al and South America. The North includes Europe the USA, except Bermuda and the Bahamas Canada and the European republics of the former Soviet Union. impudently industrialized countries such as South Korea and Taiwan now postulate much in common with the industrialized North and fast- cultivation Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, and Chile than with new(prenominal) countries in the developing world. (http//www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0030871.html)The tierce World or Global Souths persistent infra knowledge chamberpot be explained by analysing both the infixed and the external factors that consistently contri yete towards hindranceing its progress.When Imperialism started in United States, which was a natural product of stinting pressure due to sudden fare of great(p)ist economy which needed foreign market places for proficients and giveings. Europe was going through the said(prenominal) scenario, oerproduction in the sense of excessive manu facturing plants and surplus capital which could non find stable investments within the countries, forced Great Britain, Holland, Germ any and France to place heavy(a) portions of their stinting re citations and capital outside their make political domain and arouse a foreign policy of expansion to new regions and areas. Germany in the early on 1900s was suffering severely from what is called a glut of capital and manufacturing magnate and had to unravel to new markets and trade settlements were forced upon Asia Minor, West Africa and other colonies. Improvements in manner of production and industrial revolution boosted a machine economy with iodine nation after some other adapting industrial methods, it became difficult for their merchants, manufacturers and financiers to dispose profitably their economic resources, so they used their Governments in govern to secure for their particular use, some distant underdeveloped countries by annexation or protection. These economi c conditions of affairs form the taproot of Imperialism.(Hobson, 1954)Hence my power point organism that the developed world has used the developing world for its own gain and cheaper raw materials and tire out. out-of-pocket to the relationship of inter habituation between world economies and world trade in that respect are predominate countries which expand because they are self sufficient and there are dependent countries that freighter only do this only as a reflection of these preponderant countries. The concept of addiction allows us to behold the authority of these countries internally as a part of the world economy. In the loss usage, the possibility of imperialism has been developed as a study of this carry out of expansion of these imperial centres and their quest of world domination.Scholars following the Marxist tradition fork over presented the most extensive analysis of foreign economic policy. Karl Marx himself was master copyly concerned with develop ments within national economies, although he did not ignore international and global problems. The international aspects of capitalism assumed a place of grandeur for Marxist scholars. Marxist theories can be divided into two canonic types instrumental and structural. (Laski, 2003)Instrumental Marxist theories view governmental behaviour as a product of direct social and societal pressure. In its civilize form, Marxist arguments analyze the general ties between the government officials and the capitalist sector. I would like to quote Mr. Harold Laski here who argued that historically we al sorts find that any transcription of government is predominate by those who at the time handle economic designer and what they mean by good is, for the most part, the economy of their own interests. (Laski, 2003)Structural Marxist have different arguments. They do not link the behaviour of the state to any capital class and knock against the state bleeding an independent role within th e whole capitalist system. Analysing this from an economic perspective, we can see that capitalism is not self sustain towards general equilibrium in the long run profit because the labour cannot be exploited in the long run due to technical advancements which decrease the ratio of labour to capital in the long run. This branch leads to more goods produced than its members can consume also known as under consumption and this drives the weaker firms out of the market and capital accumulation and greater power in the hands of owners or managers of capital.The relationship between giant multinationals, mod capital societies and foreign activity has been emphasized by some new-fangled Marxists like Harry Magdoff and throng O Conner. Through the behavioural surmisal of the firm, Magdoff suggests that corporations are systems of power and each firm tries to control and capture its own market. This fact could not be realized at the beginning of capitalism because the level of competit ion was too high. Businesses seek to maximize control over actual and potential sources of raw material and foreign markets. The foreign investment by these multinational guarantees this control. And these corporations are the foundation of the American capitalist system and their political power is immensely great and for these reasons the United States, the leading capitalist nation in the world maintains an international economic system with b companionshipline constraints on the functioning and operation of these giant multinationals. (Magdoff, 1960)Although another Marxist James OConner maintains that in modern capitalist systems, monopoly sector is the most important source of profits. However the monopoly sector can expand rather quickly than get hold of and employment and this leads to aggressive foreign policy. Thus overseas activity can create new opportunities of investment, sales and profit. Marxist analysts have also suggested a relationship between capitalist system , forces expenditure and imperialism. This military power is important in direct sense because the use of force whitethorn be necessary to keep foreign areas open to investment and trade. (Connor, 1973) unrivalled of the main focuses of these capitalists was the supply of cheap raw materials and United States was itself dependent on foreign sources for some commodities that were essential for industrial operations and also military equipment. One author argues that all American foreign policy can be explained by the need to insure that the flow of raw materials from the Third World is never interrupted. (Dean, 1966)Marxist theories tend to explain the effect of imperialism and capitalism on underdeveloped countries. A famous quote of Karl Marx, Capitalist production, therefore, develops technology, and the trust together of various processes into a social whole, only by sapping the original sources of all wealth the soil and the labourer.Modernization Theory is another competing scheme which tends to explain the underdevelopment of the Global South and also gives an essence of the internal factors multiform in its causation. Modernization Theory suggests that the cause of underdevelopment in third world nations is their own policies and socio-economic structures that are based on feudalism, tribal system, family/cultural ties and primal economic structures. The Third World society is lacking sees, regulations, natural law rule of jurisprudence and democracy and their underdevelopment is a product of their own slowness and calamity to adapt to the modern worlds patterns of efficiency to modernize and develop themselves. opus the modernisation possibleness does recognize that the developed world has a role to play in the progress of the third world, the main focus of modernization possibleness is that the developed countries only have limited responsibility for the underdevelopment of the third world as the third world is largely responsible for its own poverty. They have a handed-down societal approach and the new generation is evaluate to imitate their ancestors. In these societies there is hardly any belief of development and improved living conditions or the eagerness to engage in extreme social intensifys such as a switch from subsistence economies to market economies. handed-down economies is where groups and individuals in position of immense power cause corruption and halt economic development and redistribute profits into their own hands. In order for underdeveloped countries to develop they have to abandon their traditional approach and their social and cultural models in replacement for the western traditions of free market system, good brass section and stable economic planning. For capitalism to dart hold and entrepreneurial environment with individual innovation and political freedom is required. (Isbister, 2003)A secure economic environment which will draw investment and prudent disbursement of public fu nds by officials for maintaining social infrastructure such as public safety and education is necessary for development. Disciplined monetary and pecuniary policies are needed to create an investing environment for both internal and foreign investors. Rule of law such as tort law and contract law should be enforced for businesses to expand from traditional family/tribal/cultural ties to person who will be trusting non-relative person, who will invest capital. The benefit that the initial world can give to the underdeveloped nations is the counterchange of technological knowledge and assistance though enabling transnational corporations to give away advance technology in their third world branch of plants. (Isbister, 2003)While the modernization theory implies that underdeveloped countries have to follow the same means of the first world , the dependency theory opposes the modernization theory and rather argues that impoverishment of the third world is caused by the economic w ell being of the first world.While contemporary dependency theory is largely Marxist in origin (Isbister, 2003), the foundation for the concept of dependency theory goes way far back to Adam Smith who acknowledged that the imperialist economic practices of the European nations had denied colonized peoples the benefits of socio-economic progress.The dependency theory argue that unfair economic practices and unequal trade conditions transfer the surplus generated in the dependent countries to dominant countries financial relations are based on the viewpoint of the dominant countries based on export and loans of capital giving them interest in return and also control over the developing economy.Trade relations are based on monopolistic control of the market and the developing boorish are exporting their profits and interests out of their country but also bear the loss of control of their domestic resources. From colonial dependence in earlier times where the colonial countries of Eur ope economically dominated the colonized countries, to the financial-industrial dependence of the nineteenth century, where raw materials where supplied from these developing nations, each of the forms of dependence corresponds directly to the control that the first world had over the dependent world.Third world poverty is, therefore, not the result of tradition or fortuity but rather the direct result of plunder conducted by the first world for its own development and to sustain its economic position. As a result of first world actions in shaping the world order, in the eyes of dependency theorists, the third world has been impoverished and rendered incapable of equilibrize development. (Isbister, 2003)These two main theories discussed above (Modernization Theory Dependence Theory) are the capital theories of political science which try to explain the connection of Third World poverty and underdevelopment. The modernization theory adds value to these countries intrinsically and shares the fact that if the LDCs(less developed countries) do not change and move from their traditional socio-economic societal structures to the more modern and western style of governance, capitalism, democracy and rule of law.In my point of view the structure of dependence, by this I mean a situation in which one economy can only expand if another economies expansion in expected i.e. its own growth is dependent on a dominant countrys growth.The possibility of generating new investments depends on the existence of financial resources in foreign currency for the purchase of capital, machinery and raw materials that are not available domestically. The capital-industrial development depends on the amount of foreign currency a nation has to buy the raw materials and inputs for its industrial sector. The balance of trade in these countries is also less favourable and also the trade relations take place in a highly monopolistic international market which tends to lower prices of agric ultural products, raw materials exported and raise the price of industrial capital equipment.Belonging to a Third World country myself and living volume of my life there in Pakistan, I personally think that the modernization theory goes beyond the dependency theory to explain the position of these LDCs as far as the internal factors are concerned where the more traditional society of the Third World like Pakistan need stability and change of reforms. Rule of law, democracy, equal distribution of wealth, human rights and openness in the mental capacity of a nation is very important for progress.However I do agree with the dependency theory in explaining the new world order which is purely market and capitalist. The true influence of external forces and world has been seen on developing nations and their economies. Foreign capital retains control over the most strapping and dynamic centres of the economy and sends the profits back to the home country make a highly unfavourable cap ital account in the LDCs respite Of Payments thus ultimately limiting the supply of imported inputs. And the value of their export is usually very low and unfavourable terms of trade compared to the capital and technological export base of the First World.However the dependency theory criticises the modernization theory, both these theories tend to explain the economic gap between rich and poor countries. I tend to see the modernization theory with some bias as well because they suggest that the way of the western world is the only way towards development and progress but with development of nations such as China, whose export-manufacturing growth and totally different way of governance has proved the western philosophy wrong. However, in LDCs such as my country Pakistan, the feudal system has to be abolished. Feudalism halts the advancement of generations of workers and creates slavery and halts all kinds of advancement because of traditional ancestral approach unequal distributio n of resources and wasting of what could actually be future human capital.I find split of both these theories convincing for explaining the economic gap between the developed nations and the countries of Global South. External factors from the dependency theory and the internal factors of the modernization theory, together examine completely the causes of the economic gap between the whole South/North divide.BibliographyConnor, O. (1973). Fiscal Crisis.Dean, H. (1966). Scarce Resources.Gold, L. Recent Development in Marxists Theories Of the Capitalist State.(1975)Gold, L. W.(1975)Hobson, J. A. (1954). Imperialism. capital of the United Kingdom George Allen Unwin .http//www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0030871.html. (n.d.).Isbister, J. (2003). Promises Not Kept Poverty and the Betrayal of Third.Laski. (2003). Foundations Of soverignity.Magdoff, H. (1960). Imperialism without Colonies.

Iron Jawed Angels Essay | Film Analysis

straighten out Jawed Angels Essay Film AnalysisThe characterization Iron Jawed Angels is about a cleaning woman named Alice capital of Minnesota, who strongly believed that women should receive the right to vote. on with her friend, Lucy Burns and other women, they fought for womens rights and the ratification of the 19th Amendment. These activists showed their strong support by marching during President Wilsons inauguration and protesting in front of the blank signal during a war, which some men were angry about. The protests in front of the White House lead to activists being arrested and charged them with obstruction of traffic. Inside the prison, Alice capital of Minnesota and the other women went on a hunger dispatch and were forced ply by administration with raw eggs and milk. Later, the harsh treatment of the authorities were publicized on newspapers which put pressure on the President that direct to the ratification of 19th Amendment, giving women the right to vo te. Carrie Chapman Catt is the chairman of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) who did non see protesting, marching, and hunger strike as the procedure that women should take in order to achieve their goals. She believed that the essential amendment that gives women the right to vote impart only be vetoed in the Senate and will be a waste of time. In other words, she as sound as the other women in their group prefer a state-by-state improvement While Alice Paul, thought that in order to achieve their goal they must fight for it no matter what it will cost them. The different views from both, led to Alice Paul getting out of the NAWSA group, and creating her own that they c each(prenominal)ed the Congressional Union for Women Suffrage. In my opinion, Alice Paul was non known too well by tribe as much as the other figures because she was not the only woman who fought for the voting rights for women. There were too many women that fought for it, therefore m aking it delicate for people to remember who exactly succeeded. Also, the fact that our country do not handle to pay attention to what women did for our society, because some still do not agree with the decision that gave women the right to vote. Still, a few people believed that women should not have a voice in this country. The significance of the masturbation mental picture was to show how Alice Paul is longing for a man to lover her. solely because she wanted to strongly fight for womens rights, she put all of her own pleasance behind and focused on the passage of the constitutional amendment for women. This scene in identical manner portrayed that women are seen as sex objects rather than as a person who should have a voice in the country like men does. Overall, the movie was very good. I learned so many issues that I did not know actually happened. The one thing that surprises me the approximately was the force-feeding during the hunger strike. I thought that the force -feeding was unnecessary and it was very disturbing. Another thing that I saw disturbing was the masturbation scene. It was a little anger to some women, because in my opinion, it shows how women are seen as sex objects and it lessens the value of women, loosing the full phase of the moon respect that women should be getting. I was very impressed on how Alice Paul and all the other activists sacrificed so many things just to have their goals achieve. For example, like the Senators wife, she left her husband and children to join the group and fought for womens rights, which in the long run, she knew would alleviate her daughters in the future. Another example was when this woman named Ines knew that she was sick she still hold to fight. I thought these were very impressive decisions. For me, it was upsetting how women went through all of these hardships while men did not even have to and were automatically habituated these rights. It was unfair. The meaning that the movie was tr ying to portray was very powerful. And for those people who watched this movie were absolutely touched by the meaning of it, and maybe view things a little different now than before.Movie Analysis Iron Jawed Angels

Procedure of Performing Ankle Brachial Pressure Index

Procedure of Performing Ankle Brachial Pressure proponentDescriptionI accompanied the District Nursing Team on placement to a Doppler Clinic for patients referred by their GPs to be assessed for compression bandages. I was talked through with(predicate) the map of performing Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI), which demand the following equipments Hand-held Doppler ultrasound machine 8 MHz test (5 MHz investigate if required for large or oedematous limbs) ultrasound transducer mousse sphygmomanometer and knock and cling film/vapour-permeable film dressing or equivalent.I was then asked to carry out the task with a nonher nurse. I process my hands, put on my gloves and apron. I raised the bed to my level so I could reach him. Seeking her consent, I asked the patient to remove all tight articles of clothing, which may cause pressure on the inception vessels proximal to the site where the consanguinity pressure is being measured.I measured the brachial systolic line of wo rk pressure by selecting a sphygmomanometer cuff of an hold size and wrapped it around the patients upper arm just in a higher place the elbow. I palpated the brachial pulse and applied ultrasound gel. I travel the Doppler probe at 45 degrees to the direction of the blood flow (towards the heart) and alter the position to locate the best signal. The Doppler emitted an audible signal and inflated the sphygmomanometer cuff until the signal disappeared. I then deflated the cuff slowly and put down the pressure at which the signal returned. I repeated this procedure development the patients other arm. I continued this procedure in measuring the mortise-and-tenon joint joint systolic pressure by palpating the posterior tibial artery and that of all the anterior tibial or peroneal artery. I then utilise the higher of these two readings to calculate the ABPI using the following equationABPI = highest ankle systolic pressure/highest brachial systolic pressure. I then save and exp lained the results to the patients. I thanked the patient for her cooperation.FeelingsDue to the fact that I had never realised a Doppler observation before, I felt extremely anxious and uneasy. These spiritings were make greater as I became to a greater extent aware of being judged not only by my mentor and other nurses notwithstanding overly by the patients most of whom came with their spouses. I felt the pressure more as at that place were other patients waiting to be seen and fetching up too untold time may delay them. In spite of these, I carry on and completed the task.EvaluationThroughout this procedure I really punishing and do sure no interruptions took place as I mickle miss the sphygmomanometer sounds. I actually couldnt get the first sphygmomanometer sounds on my first attempt so I explained to the patient and gained permission again to take the recording to which she agreed, I felt self-conscious and nervous as I had missed the first sphygmomanometer sounds but very pleased when I did manage to get the recording a second time. I feel I have gained a learning skill. The more Doppler recordings I took made me soon realised that no two patients were the same. I also acquire that different factors can affect blood pressure, from the patient rushing in late for his appointment which can lead to elevated blood pressure. It has also given me a lot of confidence in myself as I improved my communication skills.AnalysisAn ABPI is a simple non-invasive method of identifying arterial insufficiency within a limb. It compares the ankle and brachial systolic blood pressures. A slight drop in the blood pressure in the legs can be an indicator of peripheral vascular disease. Peripheral vascular disease refers to blockage of arteries. Basically, as compared to the arms, low blood pressure in the lower part of legs can be an indicator of a in effect(p) health. In the management of leg ulcers, the ABPI forms a fundamental part of the assessment. holy a ssessment is necessary to determine the correct aetiology of the ulcer and head off those patients with arterial disease for whom compression is dangerous (Stacey et al, 2002).In normal circumstances, the blood pressure in the lower leg area is a snack more than that at the elbow. Where an ABPI is greater than 0.9, it is supposed to be normal and holds no risk of peripheral vascular disease. If the ABPI value is more than 1.3, it is an indicator of puckish peripheral vascular disease. If the patient is unable to lie flat, the legs will be elevated to the level of the heart. By elevating the legs, the hydrostatic pressure to the legs is reduced.In direct to prevent cross-infection the Doppler probe should be cleaned twice with an alcohol impregnated wipe antecedent to its use (Kibria et al, 2002). It should be noted that the ABPI should not be undertaken in isolation, but should be used in conjunction with a holistic assessment, and a medical and clinical examination of the limb .ConclusionThere is controversy round the circumstances in which an ABPI should not be performed, so more look for is required. It has been suggested that an ABPI should not be performed if the patient has a suspected deep stain thrombosis, because there is a risk of emboli or the patient has cellulitis or because the procedure would be too painful or the patient has severe ischaemia or because there is a risk of further tissue damage. work on PlanAs an inexperienced learner, I hope to read more about Doppler and ABPI. I believe having an underpinning knowledge in the procedure for taking Doppler blood pressure helps to understand the theory behind the practice. I manoeuver to do more at any given opportunity in terms of, patient anxiety anomalous positioning of the patient incorrect size of sphygmomanometer cuff putting excessive pressure on the blood vessel during the procedure releasing the sphygmomanometer cuff from the patient too quickly prolonging inflation of the sphyg momanometer cuff or repeated inflation and moving the Doppler probe during the procedure.

Language Teacher Response

Language Teacher ResponseTeachers oppugn Strategies in EFL schoolrooms1) What type of questions does the teacher use? 2 Is there a prepotency of any particular type(s)? 3) What modification techniques does s/he employ when questions be not understood? 4) How much L2 production do questions succumb from the disciples? teasing is considered by look forers as one of the commonly apply strategies in linguistic process classrooms. Questions ar a very important aspect of classroom conversation and teachers talk is largely made up of questioning (Tsui 1995). Educational studies on nomenclature classrooms permit centralizeed on the effect of teacher questions on learners production of the target language and on the types of learner reception (Tsui 1995). Teachers questions argon a means of engaging learners attention, encouraging verbal responses, and assessing learners progress (Chaudron 1988). Tsui (1995) has expatiate the functions of questions as a source of checking stude nts understanding, to prove if they have gained the knowledge imparted, to focus their attention, make them involved in the lesson, to take the lesson forward and some teachers look at questions to maintain discipline in the classroom and especially in language classroom questions serve the purpose of making students practice a certain language item and to use the target language for communication. Questioning spate either assist target language production or core in meaningful content-related responses by learners (Chaudron 1988). Ellis (1994) gives more emphasis on questioning as a way of keeping control over the classroom discourse. Long (1981) argues that questioning probably facilitates interaction by establishing the topic and who is in all probability to speak next (Chaudron 1988). Questions provide learners with the opportunity to speak the language and generate a series of follow up conversation among learners as strong as helping teacher to check comprehension (Brow n 1994).But on the other hand Chaudron (1988) is of the opinion that the nature of questions may strictly limit the possibilities for the students to answer at length.According to Tsui (1995) in majority of the ESL classrooms main part of classroom interaction is created by the teacher posing questions and these can be well 70 percent of the classroom talk. But Chaudron (1988) attributes only 20 t0 40 percent classroom talk to questioning. Johnston (1990) observed a fit of 522 questions of unalike types in three hours of language class. Similarly, Long and Sato (1983) observed a total of 938 questions in six ESL lessons (Ellis 1994).Types of QuestionsThe type of questions that the teacher asks affects the kind of response that the students green groceries (Tsui 1995)Much of the work on questions has centered on developing taxonomies to come across the different types (Ellis, 1994587).There are so many different types of questions that it is ticklish to decide on different ca tegories (Richards and Lockhart 1996, Ellis 1994). However, Tsui (1995) argues that various types of questions are based on the factors such as their cognitive demand and their effect on students. close(a) and Open Question closed and Open-ended questions are distinguished by an early study on L1 classrooms (Barnes 1969 cited in Chaudron 1988). In the earliest classification Barnes (1969 1976) Closed questions have a short and fixed answer (Barnes 1969). The questions that go with where, who, when and what are considered factual questions (Barnes 1969 cited in Tsui 1995) having closed and usually brief preparedness of responses (Chaudron 1988). For exampleWhere were you born?(Chaudron 1988)Open questions begin with why and how and are classified advertisement having longer response therefore the length and nature of the expected response is left open up (Chaudron 1988). They can be referred as general education questions (cf. Naiman et al. 1978 Bialystok et al. 1978 cited in Chaudron 1988). For exampleWhat did you do on trip?(Chaudron 1988)Questions that seek for land (how? and why?) can be both open and close, much of the indication is made by Barens (1969) between these two types of reasoning questioning (Ellis 1994). Closed reasoning-type questions are the ones that allow one unobjectionable answer where as open are framed to allow a number of different acceptable responses. However,Barens also points out that many questions have the appearance of being open, but, in fact, when the teachers response to a students answer is examined, turn out to be closed he calls these pseudo-questions( Ellis 1994).Long and Satos Taxonomy (1983)The taxonomy which will be used in this research paper is given by Long and Sato (1983) which is based on Kearsleys (1976) mannikin of question types (Ellis 1994). Long and Sato (1983) made necessary changes in Kearsleys (1976) taxonomy of question types tally to their study of ESL teachers questions (Ellis 1994). This t axonomy cited by Ellis (1994) is as followsEchoicComprehension checks e.g., All sort out? OK? Does everyone understand polite?Clarification requests e.g., What do you mean? I dont understand What?Confirmation checks e.g., S Carefully. T Carefully? Did you say he?EpistemicReferential e.g. Why didnt you do your homework?Display e.g. Whats the opposite of up in English?Expressive e.g. Its interesting the different pronunciations we have now, but isnt it?Rhetorical e.g. Why did I do that? Because IThis exemplar of questions is based on two main question types, echoic questions and epistemological questions with seven sub-categories. Echoic questions seek for repetition of an utterance or confirm that it has been understood by the listener whereas epistemic questions obtain information from the learners (Ellis 1994). The sub-categories imply comprehension checks, clarification requests and confirmation checks under echoic questions and referential, display, expressive, and rhetorica l are the sub-categories of epistemic questions (Ellis 1994).Display and Referential QuestionsTaxonomies by Koivukari (1987) and Hakansson and Lindberg (1988)Questioning Behavior Questions and learner productionModification of questionsAccording to Richards and Lockhart (1996) questioning can be used to allow the learners to keep participating in the discourse and even interchange it so that the language used becomes more comprehensible and personally relevant. ask TimeSocio-Cultural Contest

Comparing Polymers: Metal and Ceramics

Comparing Polymers Metal and CeramicsCeramics ar inorganic and non admixture sensibles organize from golden and nonmetallic elements whose inter partic bonds argon either ionic or mostly ionic. M whatever of the ceramics desirable properties argon obtained usually by a high temperature stir up sermon. Ceramics atomic number 18 make up of two or to a greater extent elements. In a watch crystalline coordinate is more than coordination compound than that of metals. When the bonding is mostly ionic the crystal building is made up of positively teard metallic ions, cations, negatively charged nonmetallic ions and anions. When the ions atomic number 18 bonded together the overall charge must be neutral. To incur a stable system the anions in the organise that surround a cation must be in contact with that particular ion. in that respect needs to be a ratio of the cation radius to the anion radius for the coordination and understanding of the structures geometry. If for example on that headland is a lack of coordination, the cation would be incorrectly incased by the anions and so causing a collapse in its expected structural stability. There are some protestent fictitious characters of structures exist for ceramics. One crystal structure is the AX type where at that place are an equal number of cations and anions. some some other crystal structure that exists for ceramics has a unalike number of cations and anions further whitewash has a neutral charge be suffer the ions pull in different magnitudes of charge is called an AmXp structure. An AmBnXp structure has more than sensation type of cation, re give fashi sensationd by A and B notwithstanding only one type of anion. This type of structure is overly seen in close packing of ions in metals. Imperfections come up in the crystal structure of ceramics rattling mistakable to metal structural defects. Defects foot get in each(prenominal) of the two ions of the structure. At any clip there set up be cation, anion interstitials, cation or anion va send packingcies. Most defects or imperfections occur in pairs to maintain the electroneutrality. A Frenkel defect is a cation vacancy and cation interstitial pair. When a cation and anion vacancy pair occurs they are called a Schottky defect. Ceramics can also establish impurities in the crystal structure like metals. Figure 12.21 gives a courtly diagram of the Frenkel and a Schotkey defects (pg 435). In more another(prenominal) cases ceramics extend to be actually brittle which can lead to catastrophic failure with in truth few signs of hold out. This is due to the fact that ceramics absorb very little energy out front they fracture. When ceramics are subjected to a tensile stress, they almost al shipway fracture ahead any bendable de frameation accedes place. Fracture occurs because of the formation and propagation of cracks right to the applied load. Ceramics confine a greater ability to stick out calculus than tension. The modulus of viscoelasticity accrues with more pores in the ceramic temporal. When there are some pores in the worldly they act as stress concentrators which expose the textile to weak portion. stock-still, ceramics are very hard and are good for applications where scratchy or grinding action is needed.Most polymers are organic and are composed of hydro deoxycytidine monophosphates with interatomic forces that are represented as covalent bonds. Most polymers durance are quite long and very complex. These long molecules are made up of repeat units which are repeated along the chain. The smaller repetition unit is called a monomer. Polymers can be made up of a case-by-case repeat unit, called a homopolymer, or two or more different repeating units called copolymers.Polymers generally take in a very openhanded molecular angle. These molecular chains tend to corroborate numerous kinking, bending, and voluted along with entanglement with neighboring chains may occur. This causes the outcome fabric to be very elastic. Polymer chains can have incline groups which cause different configurations based on which side and with what regularity they bond. They can present a level of crystallinity similar to the packing of the molecular chains to perform an ordered atomic array. This crystal structure can be a great deal more complex than metallic crystal structures. Defects in polymers also differ from those found in metals and ceramics. Defects in polymers are linked to the chain ends because they are slightly different than the chain itself and emerge from the segments of the crystal. Polymers are very reactive to line of work set, temperature, and chemical nature of the environment. Different polymers can exhibit different stress strain behavior depending on the complexity of the molecular chain. certain polymers display a level of is brittle where fracture occurs out front elastic deformation which is very similar in the case of ceramics. Another type of polymers is very similar to metals where elastic deformation takes place first fol piteoused by yielding and plastic deformation. A third type is exhibited by elastomers which have totally elastic and recoverable deformation. Polymers generally have a commence modulus of elasticity and tensile strong headland thus metals. approximately Polymers can be stretched up to ten multiplication longer than its original subject where metals and ceramics cannot easily accomplish. Polymers exhibit viscoelasticity at temperatures between where elastic and naiant like behaviors are prevalent. Similar to metals and ceramics, polymers can experience creep. Creep is a time babelike actor due to deformation under stress or promote temperature. In two ceramics and polymers, creep depends on time and temperature. Polymers may be ductile or brittle depending on temperature, strain rate, specimen geometry, and way of loading which is very simil ar to the properties of metals. Polymers are brittle at low temperatures and have somewhat low impact strengths. Polymers can experience fatigue under a repetitive loading. They are generally softer than metals and ceramics and unlike metals and ceramics, polymer liquescent occur over a hightail it of temperatures instead at a specific temperature.Metals are a somatic made up of metallic elements that are bonded metallically like common mixs. The electrons are not bound to any particular atom creating a matrix of ion cores surrounded by many electrons. They are very good conductors of heat and electricity where as ceramics and polymers are absent. Polymers and metals are both ductile and are not that brittle though metals also exhibit a level of malleability. Ceramics are very brittle, they tend to fracture under a load which means they are lacking in ductility. Polymers are the softest existent due to their complex structure, piece ceramics are the hardest but are not very tough because they fracture onward plastic deformation occurs. Polymers plastically deform very easily and have the smallest Youngs modulus. Ceramics have the highest value because of their brittleness and never reach the point of plastic deformation because they would fracture first. The values of Youngs modulus for metals fall between those for polymers and ceramics. These three materials have diverse structures and exhibit different levels of defects.Alloying, using the term in the broadest superstar. only an alloy is a metal compound that inhabits of 2 or more metal or nonmetallic elements. These combinations of metallic and non metallic elements ultimately piddle new compounds that in result display superior structural properties as compared to the elements by themselves. The type of alloy mixtures is highly dependent on the craved mechanized property of the material. Alloying can be applied to metals, ceramics and polymers where in each specific properties are desired.One of the most desired properties of metal alloys is the hardenability. A material with a high level of hardness forget resist deformation caused by surface indentation or abrasion while a material with a low hardness level allow deform more easily under similar conditions. The main factor in a materials hardenability is its martensite (the rate which austenitized iron carbon alloys are formed when cooled) also content and is related to the amount of carbon in a material. With this application of alloying on metals, the material can exhibit greater strain and stress resistances as well as elasticity. These properties are favorable when traffic with construction and manufacturing exploites.A ceramic alloy is basically a league of a ceramic with of 2 or more metals. As seen in metal alloys, ceramic alloys can consist of impurity atoms in a solid state. In ceramic alloys an interstitial and substitutional states are possible. In an interstitial type, the anion has to be bigger than the impurity of the ionic radius. The substitutional impurity applies where the impurity atom usually forms a cation in the ceramic material and so the swarm cation leave be substituted. Figure 12.23 provides a great visual representation of interstitial and substitutional types in a ceramic alloy (pg 437). Significantly, to properly secure a solid state of solubility for substituting impurity atoms, the charge and the ionic size must be as the alike(p) as the host ion. If they were different it there would need to be some other way for the electroneutrality to be maintained within the solid. An easy way to do this is to create a formation of lattice defects of vacancies or interstitial of both ion types. Cobalt chromium is a perfect example of a ceramic alloy in which was designed to be used for coronary interventions consequently because it does not degrade once placed in the human body.Polymer alloys consist of two or more different types of polymers in a sense unify tog ether. There are a variety of additives that can be blended or mixed in with the polymer to create the desired return for the material. Polymer additives that support the modification of its physical properties are fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers and of course flame retardants. Fillers are generally introduced to a polymer, when a greater comprehensive strength and caloric stability is desired. Creating these types of alloys are very beneficial because they are generally very easy to create and use in their desired form. Plasticizers help rectify the flexibility and toughness of polymers by reducing the hardness and stiffness of the material. They are often introduced to polymers that are generally brittle at room temperature. These additives are especially useful because they generally lower the crosspatch diversity temperature thus allowing the polymer to have a extent of pliability. ascribable to the fact that certain polymers are not resilient to environmental condition s, stabilizers are introduced. They provide stability and virtue against deadening against the mechanical properties. The two most common forms of environmental deterioration are UV exposure and oxidation. A major concern with many polymers is that they are highly flammable. Flame retardants are introduced to such polymers to reduce the combustibility of the material by interfering with its ability to combust done a bobble signifier or initiating a different combustion reaction that generates slight heat. This emergence go forth reduce the temperature that would eventually cease the burning fulfill.Kirill Shkolnik105940393ESG 332 R01 run 2 (Question 2)Describe with reference to mannequin diagrams and hoo-ha theory, how rush duration hardening can be achieved in atomic number 13 alloys.Generally aluminum is a metal with a low level of density compared to other metals. Due to this low level of density, it conducts electricity and heat better than copper. Aluminums pro vided over 1200 degrees Fahrenheit which is comparably low to other metals. Due to these simple facts, it seems ideal to bond elements such as titanium, silicon, copper, zinc and other materials to aggrandise aluminums positive attributes. The process precipitation age hardening can dramatise the alloying of aluminum. This process involves supersaturating a solid declaration precipitating evenly sprinkle particles on the aluminum. This get out help stop the movement of dislocations within the metal structure. The basic concept of dislocation is the atomic misalignment of atoms in a one-dimensional plane. These atomic misalignments affect a whole series of atoms on a plane. The series of misalign atoms form a line called a dislocation line. There are two known types of dislocation called the screw and spring dislocation. Screw dislocation and edge dislocation are the primary types of dislocations but require a certain amount of each other to occur. By reducing the amount of dislocations can radically extend the strength in the metal. The process of alloying usually makes a pure material harder. The process of alloying is having one metal bond with impurity atoms from other materials to change its mechanical properties. An alloying process called solid solution alloying uses a solution to substitute bonds inside the metal. The narrowing of dislocation movement is a major factor for alloying because it can be used to strengthen metals. Alloying metals with the precipitation hardening makes the strength of the new material stronger as the progress of the process is delayed. The reason for precipitation hardening is seek after is because of its abilities in making metals stronger.Aluminum alloys can have precipitation in a very specific way. Heat treatment occurs when one material is change a supersaturated mixture at a specific phase and so two different phases can be present together. A precipitate forms in small pieces throughout the wide-cut mater ial. When the mixture is at its equilibrium, the forming process comes to an end. The small pieces of precipitate then disseminate together to form one large precipitate. This stage of the precipitate tends to break the materials fundamental structure. The small pieces of precipitate in the material make it harder for dislocations to move. When strength of the material diminishes due to the movement of the precipitate it is called overaging.There are two things need for heat treatments to be applied. Figure 11.21 provides a pictorial representation the relationship between temperature and composition for aluminum and copper (pg 402). The copper phase represented at a shows a supersaturated solid solution in aluminum while the compound that between the two elements is symbolized as ?. Interestingly the point M represents the max solubility point at certain temperature and composition in the material. Point N represents the solubility check of a and (a + ?) L symbolizes the temper ature needed for the solution to become a liquid. If a major amount of solute is made available in the solution, we would have a precipitation hardened alloy. The limit of the solubility curve vastly strikes in concentration as the temperature falls.There are two different ways precipitation can occur. One process is the use heat treatment where the solute can be dissolved to form a solid single phase solution. This method can be done by hotness an alloy to a very high temperature. Figure 11.24 shows that the ? phase is blended into a phase (pg 404). Then the alloy is cooled where all that is left is a supersaturated a phase. Precipitation heat treatment the (a + ?) phase is heated to a specific temperature to allow the ? phase to precipitate. The alloy is cooled and the hardness of the alloy is determined by time. A logarithmic function a relation with strength and time proves the dependence of temperature and strength.Kirill Shkolnik105940393ESG 332 R01Exam 2 (Question 3)Desc ribe what is meant by the term trumpery passageway temperature and illustrate your answer from polymer and ceramic point of view.Typically a ice-skating rink transition temperature is where a uncrystallized form of a polymer or a ceramic is cooled and transforms from a super cooled liquid into a frappe. A ceramic or a frostingy material is a noncrystalline material that becomes change magnitudely more viscous when it is cooled. Due to the fact that glassy materials are noncrystalline there is no decided temperature when the liquid lead transform into a solid. Though, it is also important to card that in noncrystalline materials the specific volume is dependent on temperature and leave alone decrease with the temperature. The glass transition temperature displays a diminution in the rate at which the specific volume decreases with temperature. When the temperature is below this value, the material is in a ceramic from and directly above this point the material is consider ed a supercooled liquid. The glass transition temperature occurs in both glassy and semicrystalline polymers, but not in crystalline materials. As certain molecular chains in noncrystalline materials temperature drop due to lack of motion the glass temperature transition occurs. fundamentally glass transition is the time in which a steady chemise occurs from the liquid state to a slightly rubbery state and then to the final more rigid solid material. The glass transition temperature is the state in which the material goes from its rubbery to rigid state.This transition can take place in both directions. As a polymer for example is cooled to a rigid solid, it can be heated and undergo the same transition in reverse. As the material undergoes all of these changes its properties change from state to state. Some materials can experience greater change include the stiffness, heat capacity, and the coefficient of thermal expansion for the material during this transition. The glass trans ition temperature also acts as a limit boundary for applications of polymers and polymer matrix like components. If this temperature is beyond the material threshold, it go out no longer fit the desired properties the task had called for and the application would be useless. The molecules that had been frozen in place below the will both outflank and translate at the temperatures above. Molecular characteristics have an impact on the chains stiffness and will in turn affect the glass transition temperature for the material.Some molecular characteristics that can cause the chains flexibility to be reduced and the glass transition temperature to increase that include bulky side groups on the molecular chain. Also these characteristics can affect polar atoms or groups of polar atoms on the side of the molecular chain, double bonds, and aromatic groups. The glass transition temperature will also increase as the molecular weight of the material increases. Branching also put to works t he of a material, many branches will decrease the chains mobility and increase, a lower density of branches will cause the to decrease as the molecular chains will have a freer range of motion.Crosslinks can occur in glassy polymers and can affect, they cause the reduction of motion and therefore increase. If there are too many crosslinks occur in the material, the molecular motion would be so limited that glass transition may not occur. It can be understood that many of the same molecular characteristics which affect the glass transition temperature also affect the melting transition temperature. The two are touch in such a similar manner that is usually somewhere between 0.5 to 0.8 times the melting transition temperature. Figure 15.19 demonstrates this mathematic relationship (pg 548). Both ceramic and polymers have a glass transition temperature. A glass can be referred to by several different names such as glazed solid, an amorphous solid or glassy solid. An amorphous solid h as the mechanical properties of a solid, but does not have long range molecular order where they are in motion at a very slow rate that it be considered rigid for regular purposes. When glassy materials have been supercooled below the glass transition temperature they will take on characteristics similar to those of a crystalline solid. This solid will become rigid with an increase hardness and will be more brittle. However, if a glassy material is heated to above its glass transition temperature it will become softer and many of the intermolecular bonds will break allowing the material to flow at an increasing fluid viscosity. A polymer below the glass transition temperature is more rigid, but as it enters its glass transition phase, the material becomes more rubbery as its viscosity increases. The polymer can enter its glass transition at a lower temperature when critical factors that usually affect the motion of the molecules in the material are not all present.When molecular wei ght of a polymer increases, the glass transition temperature will also increase. Many factors that increase the the rubber gasket would not do its job properly.Polymers can exhibit the following structures amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline. Describe these structures and beg off how the mechanical properties may be influenced by these structural forms for a polymer of the same chemical formula.Polymers can develop amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline structures of the same chemical formula. Polymers can exist as liquids, semi solids, or solids related to the crystal structures respectively. However each of these structures exhibit a variety of different mechanical properties. The crystallinity of a polymer depends on the intermolecular secondary bonding which will heavily influence the extent of any mechanical property of the polymer.The tensile strength, elastic modulus and coalition strength of a crystalline structure will be stronger than a semicrystalline struc ture and significantly stronger than amorphous type structure.For a crystalline structure the molecular chains of the polymer are tightly packed together in an organized atomic group which take up space and will affect the polymers mechanical properties. These crystalline structures are heavily influenced by the glass transition temperature. Also the isomer and chemical formula lays out crucial factors that will be very important in the formation of the bulk material structure.From certain large bulky functional groups there becomes an impending bank check that will inhibit the movement capability of a molecule. This process will increase the energy requirement for any phase change. The outcome of this process is a greater transition temperature. This new temperature transition will increase the chances for the formation of a crystalline structure. The reason for this is and time span before the material becomes a disorganized liquid and requires a longer time for the molecules to arrange themselves properly. When polymers have many branches the weaker the material will be, even though crystalline structures are stronger than less ordered materials. Figure 15.18 demonstrates the change in these structural states when specific volume and temperature are compared (pg 546). Pure polymers have a very small melting point ranges and bond strength. Doped polymers and polymer alloys will generally have wider melting point ranges. The process of branching will decrease the strength of a polymer, which would continuously decrease the melting point temperature. Though, the act of branching on heavily dense branches will decrease molecule mobility. Also within this process the molecular weight is affected as well.Kirill Shkolnik105940393ESG 332 R01Exam 2 (Question 4)How are T-T-T and C-C-T diagrams used to design heat treatment schedules for field of study carbon stains.Time-Temperature-Transformation or T-T-T and continuous cool switching orC-C-T are used for heat treatment schedules for plain carbon steel. T-T-T are commonly known as an isothermal transformation diagrams can show the change of different phases at certain temperatures. C-C-T can be used to calculate percent transformation against the logarithm function through time.The use the isothermal transformation and continuous cooling transformation diagrams can be used to develop a heat treatment for plain carbon steels. These diagrams will support the understanding of carbon steels through phase diagrams. When a structure is heat treated, its cooling process helps retain its structure. This process can be analyzed through T-T-T. Figure 10.13 displays a graphical representation of temperature against time with a third dimension with the percent of the steel alloy transformed to pearlite (pg 326). The understanding of a rapid cooling alloy sully depends on the understanding and application of heat treatment. It is understood that isothermal transformations do not change in temperature but continuous cooling transformation diagrams do. C-C-T and T-T-T display the same dimensions but over a bigger spectrum of time and temperature. Figure 10.28 shows different forms of steel alloys (pg 338). A material that has been cooled to a temperature slightly below its eutectoid temperature, and isothermal transformation is maintained for an extended purpose of time, interestingly it cannot be depicted on T-T-T diagrams in spheroid forms.

Gay Adoption :: Gay and Lesbian Adoptions

Homo sexualityuality is becoming more(prenominal) and more accepted and integrated into todays society, however, when it comes to lesbians establishing families, a task is posed. In most states, homosexuals stick out adopt children like any(prenominal) other married or ace adult. There are many arguments to this controversial topic some volume believe that it should be legal nationally, while others would like that is was banned everywhere, or at least in their individual states. There are reasonable reasons to allow gays to adopt children, but for some, these reasons are not enough. The main trend really is, what is in the best interest of the child? This type of problem isnt really one with causes, effects, and solutions, but one with pros and cons. Like any other adoption situation, a parent prove themselves to be obligated and capable enough to raise a child on their own, or with a spouse. This problem or issue is one that is proving to be a bigger one than ma ny people most likely expected. In Todays more liberal society, homosexuality seeing more acceptance than ever before. Homosexuals and heterosexuals alike have parental instincts and are as interested in beginning families and raising children. A family should be base on love and trust, if these two elements are present in a relationship, homosexual or heterosexual, there would be no reason that the purlieu the couple creates for a child would be bad. Some say the homosexual lifestyle revolves tho around sex, which of course is the most inappropriate motif for a child. (White) For the most part, parents and adults keep what happens behind closed doors, private, therefore, there would be no reason for a homosexual person to flaunt their sex life, especially in front of a child. Pros of Adoption by homo ParentsAdoption is a very important part of the American lifestyle. The offbeat of children needs to be put in front of homophobia. There are an estimated 500,000 childre n in foster care nation wide, and 100,000 of these children are awaiting adoption. In 2013, only one child of every six available for adoption was genuinely adopted. (Sanchez, 13) Statistics like these show the true importance of adoption. People seem to prefer to have their own children biologically, but adoption should be taken into consideration, regular if natural conception is possible.

Social Promotion Essay -- essays research papers

Social Promotion An Excuse for Not Educating a ChildWhen it places to educatees weakness a grade aim thither has always been two options, any a student cig bet be socially promoted or they raft be retained. The choices for a failing child argon limited and both situations have stigmas attached. Both options have positive and negative effects this I concur. While, presenting both sides of the argument I will none that retention is not always the solution to a failing childs future, however, promoting a student without the skills or knowledge to proceed to the next grade level only paves a future of destruction. What is Social Promotion?Social furtherance is the practice of promoting students to the next grade when they have failed to master part or all of the grade-level curriculum. Social promotion is considered to keep a students social and psychological well cosmos intact by allowing them to cohere with their peers (social promotion). Social promotion reinforces failure , ignores students problems, and sends a message to every student that exercise and effort do not matter. (1 pg. 1) The Alternative memory boardRetention is often viewed as the only alternative to social promotion, it is a indemnity that holds back students who have failing grades at the end of a indoctrinate year (2 pg. 3). Retention allows students to have an additional year to accept a grade and to master the core curriculum for that grade level. However, when a child repeats a grade level they are often taught the equal skills in the exact same manner from the previous year, thus leading(p) them through another un prospering year. While most teachers know that educational research indicates that retention can be ineffective, if not harmful, they feel there are insufficient educational alternatives (2 pg. 4). It is estimated that between 15 and 19 percent of students are retained each year and as many a(prenominal) as 50 percent of students in large urban areas are usually retained at least once before they tweak or decide to drop out of school (Starr pg.1). The American union of Teachers reports that very few studies have ever documented any appreciable long-term academic gains with retention (Starr pg. 1). The AFT also notes that with retention come problems such as, student alien... ...ly intervention, and a determine and well prepared staff.It is so easy to pass a child off by unsloped promoting them to the next level. One might think it is not my problem anymore. By socially promoting children by just one grade level can effect that students performance for a lifetime. Students are in school to learn not to be passed off. They have right to a proper education and they must master all skills before being promoted. There is no hope for a child who has not met the standards or mastered the skills to be constantly promoted from one grade to the next. A student with an immeasurable amount of unmet skills and standards will never be able to execu te on normal level within society. If school systems, teachers, and parents do not hold each child responsible for the set standards then they are depriving these students of an education and a chance to ever have a successful future. When the question asked what is to be done with a failing student the dish up is not social promotion. Social promotion is an excuse, a scapegoat, or a way out of taking the time, extra effort, and responsibility of educating a child.

The Use of Isolation in Two Fairy Tales Essay -- Literature Writing Li

The Use of Isolation in Two puff TalesThe social evolution from the Enlightenment to the Romantic Age altered the exercise of reason in literature by instituting elements of imagination and mysticism. Likewise, the usages of certain concepts in literature can reflect social attitudes of the authors environment. unmatchable such concept that is common to both Ludwig Tiecks loved Eckbert and Wilhelm Wackenroders A Wondrous Oriental Fairy Tale of a unclothed Saint is the closing off of personas. Isolation, as the cause, or simply as an indicator, of crucifixion in these cardinal literary fairy tales is a notion that is successfully used to dictate the spiritual fates of the characters in each story. There ar several manifestations of isolation as the cause of suffering in Fair-Haired Eckbert. The first manifestation is literally separation anxiety. Despite the fact that character interactions in this story only lead to trouble, the characters yearn for solidarity with ace an other. Subsequently, their isolation inevitably leads to misery. After running away from home, Berthas lonely expedition is filled with tears and is self-described as utterly comfortless, and she longs but to see one other human beings creature (33). Upon discovering the green valleys that imply potential cohabitants, Bertha claims, my loneliness and helplessness no longer frightened me and she is joyfully surprised (34) to see the senescent woman. Bertha overcomes the pains of isolation by living with the old woman however, this alliance soon falls apart and Bertha once again runs away. Bertha voyages amid tears and sobs (39) and stumbles rear end upon her home town. After finding out her parents had passed away, Bertha drew back rapidly and left the village ... ... strong religious overtones present in both texts. Isolation is utilized as a cause of suffering for the characters in Tiecks Fair-Haired Eckbert. It serves as punishment for these characters as a run of bearing the burden of original sin, and thus conveys the pessimistic view of human spirituality as a downward spiral from the Garden of Eden. Conversely, in Wackenroders A Wondrous Oriental Fairy Tale of a Naked Saint, the concept of redemption from isolation (the indicator of suffering) represents the optimistic stead of human spirituality as ascension to Heaven. It follows that the dichotomy between isolation as an indicator or the cause of suffering in these two stories reflects the larger dichotomy between optimistic and pessimistic tones taken in Romantic literature, specifically those taken by Tieck and Wackenroder in these two literary fairy tales.

Importance of Speech in Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dre

Importance of Speech in Much Ado close Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and Richard III Speech is often the strongest indicator of constitution and motivation in Shakespearean histories and comedies. Each turn of phrase is a sm both insight into the essence of the character. Stringing together apiece line from the let the cat out of the bag of the character allows the audience to discover each nuance created by Shakespeare. By connecting the actions to a manner of speech, which mirrors those actions, Shakespeare is able to create more believable and self-propelling characters. Examining Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and Richard III, certain archetypes emerge, each with a specific way of speaking. Villains with their quick and underhanded remarks contrast with the calm of the submissive women who are, in turn, foils to the strong willed and outspoken women. By developing extraction characters, Shakespeare is able to use stereotypes as a startin g point for all of his characters. Matching the speech with the actions of the stereotypes further cements the prototype and gives the audience a crown understanding of the character without detailed background information. Through speech and the victimization of archetypes, Shakespeare is able to create a more complete picture of his characters. The about developed and fascinating characters in Shakespearean histories and comedies are usually the villains, term they often lack an apparent motivation (beyond their immediate needs for either amusement or power). These characters reveal little to those around them and only bring out their schemes when alone or accompanied by their henchmen. Speech, for these villains, is usually very wretched with choppy phrases interjected into t... ...d. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rutter, Carol. Clamorous Voices. Shakespeares Women Today. New York Routledge, 1989. Schanzer, Ernest. _A Midsummer-Nights Dream. 26-31 in Kenneth Muir, ed. Shakespeare The Comedies A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall, 1965. Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Nights Dream, ed. Brian Gibbons. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1991. Vaughn, Jack A. Shakespeares Comedies. New York Frederick Ungar make Company, 1980 Watts, Cedric. Much Ado About Nothing. London Penguin, 1986. Wells, Stanley & Gary Taylor, General Eds. _William Shakespeare The _Complete Works. New York Oxford University Press, 1986. Young, David P. Something of expectant Constancy The Art of A Midsummer Nights Dream. New Haven Yale University Press, 1966.

A Study of Modern and Classical Fencing :: Expository Essays Research Papers

A Study of neo and Classical Fencing Fencing is a method of personal reflectivity and release. It is ultimatly a way of life for some. Nevertheless, this noble lifestyle is dying out. in that location atomic number 18 those who would convince others that unpolluted shut in is a way of the past. In its place they would promote a edition that uses the same equipment and yet, is so different, that one cannot think of it in the same light. The lean between these two poses the interrogatory is Olympic inclose better than classical? A question that go forth require some research.According to in manakination from the web document The Worlds oldest ultramodern Sport, enclose as we know it was real by the Egyptians some fourth dimension beneficial 1200 BC.The earliest depiction of a fencing match is a support in the temple of Medin at Habu, near Luxor in Egypt, built by Ramses III about 1190 BC. This relief depicts a practice bout or match, because the sword points be c e verywhereed and the swordsmen are parrying with shields strapped to their left arms and are wearing masks (tied to their wigs), large bibs, and padding over their ears (Beumont). Swordsmanship, as a pursuance and in single combat and war, was withal practiced widely by the ancient Persians, Babylonians, Grecians, and Romans, as well as by some Germanic tribes. They used protective tips on their weapons and redden a crude form of facial protection. This is depicted on a carving in Egypt, along with the fact that judges were used to clear and oversee the matches. The author of A History of Fencing wrote that the Roman and Greek civilizations continued the fencing usance with short swords. This continued until the fall of capital of Italy in 476 AD. The barbarians who defeated capital of Italy used crude heavy swords, which could afford the lighter short swords. These coarse weapons rendered smaller swords ineffective, and suppressed fencing for the time (A history...).An entry in A Timeline of Fencing History states that it wasnt until the fourteenth century AD that fencing made a comeback. Suprisingly it was the invention of gunpowder that marked the return of fencing swords. Gunpowder made heavy harness and swords obsolete (The Worlds...). Mobility became more eventful because firearms rendered the protection previously available through armor ineffective. Many officers and gentlemen thusly adopted the light rapier as a sidearm. Fencing rapidly became the rage of the ages.Due to the sudden annex in the popularity of fencing, fencing guilds, such as the Marxbruder in Germany, sprang up crossways Europe (A Timeline.A Study of Modern and Classical Fencing Expository Essays Research coverA Study of Modern and Classical Fencing Fencing is a method of personal expression and release. It is ultimatly a way of life for some. Nevertheless, this noble lifestyle is dying out. There are those who would convince others that classical fencing is a way o f the past. In its place they would promote a sport that uses the same equipment and yet, is so different, that one cannot think of it in the same light. The controversy between these two poses the question is Olympic fencing better than classical? A question that will require some research.According to education from the web document The Worlds oldest Modern Sport, fencing as we know it was developed by the Egyptians sometime around 1200 BC.The earliest depiction of a fencing match is a relief in the temple of Medin at Habu, near Luxor in Egypt, built by Ramses III about 1190 BC. This relief depicts a practice bout or match, because the sword points are covered and the swordsmen are parrying with shields strapped to their left arms and are wearing masks (tied to their wigs), large bibs, and padding over their ears (Beumont). Swordsmanship, as a pastime and in single combat and war, was also practiced widely by the ancient Persians, Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans, as well as by so me Germanic tribes. They used protective tips on their weapons and even a crude form of facial protection. This is depicted on a carving in Egypt, along with the fact that judges were used to score and oversee the matches. The author of A History of Fencing wrote that the Roman and Greek civilizations continued the fencing tradition with short swords. This continued until the fall of Rome in 476 AD. The barbarians who defeated Rome used crude heavy swords, which could break the lighter short swords. These massive weapons rendered smaller swords ineffective, and suppressed fencing for the time (A history...).An entry in A Timeline of Fencing History states that it wasnt until the 14th century AD that fencing made a comeback. Suprisingly it was the invention of gunpowder that marked the return of fencing swords. Gunpowder made heavy armor and swords obsolete (The Worlds...). Mobility became more important because firearms rendered the protection previously available through armor inef fective. Many officers and gentlemen then adopted the light rapier as a sidearm. Fencing quickly became the rage of the ages.Due to the sudden increase in the popularity of fencing, fencing guilds, such as the Marxbruder in Germany, sprang up across Europe (A Timeline.

oral surgery :: essays research papers

Have you ever thought about your future rush? I have always wanted to be a surgeon, so I have thought and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and an d and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and

The Big Experience on the Golf Course :: essays research papers

The Big Experience On the play Course golf is a big finger for me in the get-go place. Three reasons why this certain tournament was such an experience was because I was the loss leader of our police squad. It was for surcharge against the other players we were playing, and it just was not for the pride it was resemblingwise for the money and that played a big role in it also. play has brought me a long bearing homogeneous going to college and the way I look at certain things now.Being the captain of our police squad was a big privilege but it also do me precise nervous. I knew that I had to do my part and carry our team because they were enumerate on me more than anybody else. This was the first time I was ever the leader of the throng or the captain as most people grouse it. in the first place we started I had a hatful of bad thoughts rushing through and through my headword like what if you dont play near(a) or your team mates get mad because you dont form a good lance or that I am not as good as they think I am. This was actu anyy a lot of pressure to me, believe it or not. We stepped on the first tee and tout ensemble my teammates teed off and it was my turn. I teed my ball up took a difficult breathe, stepped up to the ball and hit it straight down the middle. My teammates told me great shot Dell. That genuinely relaxed me and I played so good. I was on my indorse all day long and nothing was going to get my way, not plane a tree. I just felt like I could not do anything wrong that day. I kind of felt like I was a machine because everything was just so nice and glitter like a routine would be. Anybody that plays golf on a stiff arse knows what I am talking about whenever I check out my wave just felt so good and smooth. My teammates were really impress with my skills. later we were through they were bragging to all the other teams about how good I was and how far I could hit a golf ball. That made me musical note good and that I did everything that I could to help out my team. They were really a great team The Big Experience on the Golf Course essays research papers The Big Experience On the Golf CourseGolf is a big experience for me in the first place. Three reasons why this certain tournament was such an experience was because I was the leader of our team. It was for pride against the other players we were playing, and it just was not for the pride it was also for the money and that played a big role in it also. Golf has brought me a long way like going to college and the way I look at certain things now.Being the captain of our team was a big privilege but it also made me very nervous. I knew that I had to do my part and carry our team because they were counting on me more than anybody else. This was the first time I was ever the leader of the group or the captain as most people call it. Before we started I had a lot of bad thoughts rushing through my head like what if you dont play good or your team mates get mad because you dont hit a good shot or that I am not as good as they think I am. This was really a lot of pressure to me, believe it or not. We stepped on the first tee and all my teammates teed off and it was my turn. I teed my ball up took a deep breathe, stepped up to the ball and hit it straight down the middle. My teammates told me great shot Dell. That really relaxed me and I played so good. I was on my game all day long and nothing was going to get my way, not even a tree. I just felt like I could not do anything wrong that day. I kind of felt like I was a machine because everything was just so nice and smooth like a routine would be. Anybody that plays golf on a regular basis knows what I am talking about whenever I say my swing just felt so good and smooth. My teammates were really impressed with my skills. After we were through they were bragging to all the other teams about how good I was and how far I could hit a golf ball. That made me feel good an d that I did everything that I could to help out my team. They were really a great team

Norwegian Security Policy After The Cold War :: essays research papers

Norwegian Security Policy after the frozen struggle scorn widespread diplomatic discussion, and sentiment that the UN SecurityCouncil must be grow in order to maintain its long-term legitimacy, nogenerally unimpeachable formula for expansion has emerged. Concerns for obtainingor retaining voting power, and for preserving a body merged so as to be ableto take prompt and trenchant decisions, have prevented agreement. This articlereviews various criteria for evaluating restructuring proposals, and suggests aformula that, while non fundamentally affecting the distribution of power on theCouncil, might return many states minimal requirements for an acceptablepackage of changes.The end of the Cold War between East and West has strengthened Norwegian protective covering, which makes Norway no distinct from most other European countries.There are now more than dimensions to security policy than there were when theoverriding aim was deterrence by means of peerlesss own and allied forces forces.Cold War perceptions of military threat no longer exist. In Norways particularcase, however, it is possible to talking about a remaining strategic threat, whenreferring to Russian deployments in the far north. Such a threat is only apotential one and is not imminent today. Yet it has to be acknowledged that warsbetween nations and cultural groups have hardly been abolished. As a result, ithas become more demanding to identify the risk of armed aggression directedagainst Norway The risk would expect to reside in the escalation of a whole seriesof completely divers(prenominal) political developments. For example, these eventualitiescould take the form of the emergence of a nationalistic dictatorship, or thedevelopment of ungovernable political chaos in formerly communist countries.Because of the existence of some precise large arsenals and supplies of militaryequipment, it is important to adjudicate the political aims of potential opponents.These rear end change over time, not least(prenominal) if they represent irrational andaggressive attitudes. The nuclear weapons of the great powers do not seem tohave any deterrent effect on " barbaric ethnic cleansing", and the emergence ofarmed conflicts in different areas can be difficult to predict.But a countrys security can likewise be subject to something that has become moretopical after the Cold War low level threats. These are related to some verydifferent types of irregular national border transgressions, for exampleinternational abhorrence and various forms of pollution.The Cold Wars dominating concept, security by means of deterrence, iscomplemented by the concept of collective security. This harmonises well withthe traditional Norwegian approach to security policy of combining deterrencewith reassurance. The potential enemy is also a partner. A small country has no

The Good Mother †A Passive Life :: Good Mother

The Good Mother A Passive sustenance We live in a world...where the decisive deed may charm the holocaust. --John Updike An interesting question that emerges while reading The Good Mother is wherefore did Anna allow it happen? Of course, this question must be included among many a(prenominal) others, most of which elicit ambiguous answers What really happened? Was there fault to be assigned? If so, who was at fault? What is a good mother? basin a woman be a good lover and a good mother? Where must cozy boundaries be drawn amongst children and couples in a household? Regardless of what it is, the answer to the question why did Anna let it happen is that she was rendered almost powerless by her gender, class, and social and family background knowledge to do anything but let it happen. She spent her animateness letting things happen. Anna Dunlap, tardily freed from a boring marriage and involved in a sexual awakening with an unconventional man, probably thought of hersel f as liberated in a very literal way before and during her affair with king of beasts Cutter. I had a sense, a drunken irresponsible sense, of being approximately to begin my life, of moving beyond the claims of my own family, of Brian, into a passionate experiment, a claim on myself. (p. 10) As events played out, however, it became obvious that Anna had not fly her history and that her liberation was just an illusion. Anna grew up in the shadow of her wealthy, arrogant grandfather, her emotionally absent father and her cold, achievement-oriented mother. Her mother ran her life, pushing Anna to practice delicate in the hopes she would become a professional musician one day. Anna was instruction that she was not in control of her life she was forced to let life ( through her mothers ambitions for her) happen to her. When she visited her grandparents summer home in Maine, Anna witnessed her grandfathers overwhelming dominance and axiom her grandmother, mother and aunts engaged in interesting but meaningless (in Annas view) womens conversations. When Anna was fourteen, her mother, realizing Anna was not a musical genius, loosened her grip on her daughter and, in fact, ceased to praise her for anything. As Annas body changed and she became attractive to boys, she tried to define herself through sex, which she found empty and unsatisfying. Once again, Anna was not in control she let it happen.

A Man Called Horse Character Analysis :: essays research papers

Dorothy Johnson in A Man Called Horse writes ab egress a young man who was born and raised in Boston. He lives in a gracious home under his grannies and grandfathers pleasant care. For some reason, he is discontent. He leaves home to try to find out the reason for his discontent. Upon leaving he undergoes a transport in side and opinion of himself and others. He begins a wealthy young man dogmatic and spoiled, becomes a captive of Crow Indians- docile and humble, and emerges a man oppose to all.The young man begins the story wealthy and spoiled. Johnson in the opening paragraphs call forth that the protagonist is just a wealthy and spoiled young man. He is just in search for a new life, ...he still brooded well-nigh his status in the world, longing for his opposes. So he decided to transit out West in search for these equals. Even though his ...father had raged and his grandmother had cried...Upon leaving Boston, the young mans status and attitude change drastically. He becom es a captive of Crow Indians who treat him badly. He becomes seat of a ...scrawny, shrieking, eternally busy old woman with ragged graying hair.. He must gain her trust to earn more freedom near the camp and such. During this time he was ...finding out what loneliness could be.He earns a future, and in his final stage of transformation becomes a man equal to all. This happens after he marries Pretty Calf and understands their customs and traditions. The captive was alike a horse all summer, ...docile bearer of burdens, careful and patient.. Until he gain trust that is.

Essay --

The Solutions to look-Taking Problems for StudentsByTimothy Cooks12/3/2013Learning Challenge/Solution ProjectDr. SamuelsonNote winning is a physical process that involves the writing down of entropy that has been received from another starting time such as a professor or boss. Note pickings provides the user with reference material to use for future use. Note pickings is one of the most important and useful study clevernesss to gestate date in college. Students must expect to take a lot of fliers in college. Professors will expect their students to take broadsheets during lectures in order to go jeopardize and review at home alone or with other classmates. Note winning is a skill, so in order to make this skill efficient, we must develop multiple techniques in order to make brand taking to a greater extent profitable. Chapter 6 in our textbooks gives us plenty of techniques of note taking to improve our note taking skills. But before that lets bespeak out that note taki ng has two basic functions that note taking serves. Note taking serves as a way to abet you butt in or encode the material and a way to keep the information in written form until you need it for later reference (Pintrich & VanderStoep, 137).Chapter 6 serves as a good guide in presenting students with strategies for effective note taking. The chapter focus is on strategies instead of style in order to help us think about the process of note taking composition we are in class. Before we begin note taking we should inquire ourselves these questions What should I pay attention to? What should I write down? How should I organize my notes? We are now at the beginning stages of improving the process of taking notes (Pintrich & VanderStoep, 137). This will help being organized while taking notes. Remember that good note ... ...es. In result, my quiz and exam dozens dramatically increased. When I enter anatomy I used the more than the same method but I needed to incorporate more techn iques such as comparing notes with other students in my class because we had little instruction from the professor. Exchanging notes with other students helped me not fall behind or get off out on important information. In my current semester, I have learned more techniques and methods to include with what I already know. The results are fulfilling allowing me to potentially have straight As. I learned that its adept for every student to become a stronger note taker because its essential for successful studying and researching. I recommend anyone who read this to become apt in note taking for one main reason which is, to withdraw important information such as dates, times, key points or facts.

Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing Essay -- Comparative Literature Ca

Raymond Carvers A low-toned cheeseparing Thing Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing, a short narrative that has to do with the lack of interaction and empathy between the baker, Ann and Howard, the finale whither the baker is take aback to find go forth near the childs death, asks for mercy and presents them warm cinnamon rolls telltale(a) them that Eating is a small, good thing in a eon like this and they are comforted, reveals particular meaning of the title in scathe of the storys theme. Also, Raymond Carvers Cathedral, a story that starts with an ignorant and rude narrator whose wife has called a blind friend to spend the night at their home and fit in to Carver, A blind man in my ho employ was not something I looked forward to,(38) has some parallels in thematic content that is revealed in both(prenominal) stories.In A Small Good Thing, after Howard returns home, the baker keeps on calling him and telling him about the cake, nevertheless Howard tells him I dont know a nything about a cake, Jesus what are you talking about? The theme here is the lack of communication between Howard and Ann. Ann never tells Howard about the cake she lucid in the lead Scotts accident. After the call Howard pours some whiskey for himself, but before returning to the hospital he does not eat anything. The same speckle happens after Ann and Howard return home from the hospital after Scotts death. This is where the title has signifi elicitce in terms of the storys theme. If Ann and Howard had eaten something before they left to see Scott and be with him, their infuriation would not have aggravated till the point where they let out all their violence at the baker. This infuriation is caused by the doctors for not existence able to answer their questions about why Scotty is ... ...nything. Its really something.(48-49) From this, one can tell that the narrator is studying more about human interaction and himself than what the blind man is studying about cathedrals. In A Small Good Thing, the empathy lies around Ann and Howards rage at the baker. In reality, the main culprits of their rage are the doctors that kept on providing them hope that their son will rouse up. Their lack of communication here led them to this lack of empathy with the baker.Carvers similar use of the thematic content revealed in both stories not only tells the subscriber what these themes have in common in totally different situations, but exhibits the style of writing and way that this author shows the orthodox pictures concerning particular individuals with oddish personalities.Works CitedCarver, Raymond. A Small, Good Thing. Donald Hall 262-278

There are no Children Here Essay -- essays research papers

Alex Kotlowitzs book, There are No Children Here, is a story about twain boys, Pharoah and Lafeyette Rivers growing in the late 1980s in Henry Horner, a housing get off in Chicago. The boys try to retain their youth while they see changeless gang violence, death of close friends, their brother in jail and their dadaism struggling with a drug addiction. In Horner, there are two gangs that claim it as their turf, and the Rivers family is constantly ducking from shots of gunfire there. They hot in an overcrowded apartment with leaky facets, heating problems and animal carcasses in the basement. The boys mother, LaJoe, tries to keep them forward from gangs and violence since her eldest children fell to the harsh reality of the neighborhood. The children constantly perplex to protect themselves from danger and quickly lost their childhood along the way. LaJoe purge has to purchase burial insurance for her children because she fears the worst due to the severity of Horner. The bo ys fetch it difficult to surrender friends because most of the other children are involved in drugs and gangs. Pharoah desperately tries to cling to his ingenuousness and is very conscientious in his studies. Unfortunately, Lafeyette do friends with a mischievous boy named Rickey and was lured into a gang.There are legion(predicate) problems in the neighborhood and even with LaJoes positive and upbeat attitude, she cannot blend her family out of the projects. Luckily, Kotlowitz is able to fund the boys education to attend a mystic school. Even though this helps them receive a better education, they are lighten faced with other problems. The Ecological Theory is strongly related to the root of family in violence in this novel. This theory examines how children develop based on the environment that his/her family resides. The maturation of a child is based on the interactions betwixt their biology, family and community. To fully understand the development of Pharoah and Lafe yette, we make up to understand the context in which they live both their family environment and their global environment. By keeping them out-of-door from the violent subculture as much as she could, the less they were able to ad fair(a) to the norm and resort to violence. According to this theory, external forces can influence the development of emotions. A child can mature a lot quicker when they are placed in an environmen... ...y other child but because of their environment, they have a different perspective on life. This book also do me realized that I should not take my life for granted. I prize that many people, myself included, fail to realize that this type of poverty does not just exist in third world countries, they exist in America. I think that all people need to realize something like this either by reading a book or by befitting involved in volunteer work in that type of environment. We live with blinders on and for a change to occur, people need to become mo re than aware of the problems others face. I have learned that children who are easily influenced by their peers may become gang members and involved in drugs. These kids who live in the projects are just kids and should not have to lose their childhood and innocence at such an early age. My increased knowledge on this case makes me want to help these children. I am going to college to become a School Psychologist and I know the impact of this book will clear on with me in my career. I now feel that I have a better insight about the true problems that exist in this type of environment and will be better prepared if I will be working in it.

Religion And Discrimination :: essays research papers

Religion and DiscriminationOne might take the view that society should be tolerant to any pietismso long as it conforms to our laws and written constitution. At first glance,this avowal seems as fit an answer as possible to the question of societallimits to sacred tolerance. Unofrtunately, if one were to consider thematter with more caution, one would lastly see that the statement could onlybe part of a great answer. It is without a consideration of some of theelements which constitute furores, as well as other factors, that one would falterin devising a authoritative answer to the question.Certain nexts or faiths which claim to be religions that atomic number 18 usual today are, in actuality, forms of cults. Although approximately of thepractices and elements common to cults are legal, they are, at best, suspect.The following should constitute the line of telerance society should not cross.Firstly, what distinguishes cults from religions is the behavior in whichthey oper ate. Cults are designed with a view of insulating the individual fromthe rest of society. Once a member of a cult, in most cases, the individual isremoved of most (if not all) of their personal autonomy. Most decisions aremade by the cult leader, access to the outside world is often denied, and allinformation close the outside world is distorted by the leader. These types ofoperations should be bitter by society.Second, there should be no tolerance for religions that espouse anyform of sacrifice, be it human or animal. Although historically, thesepractices were more or little prevalent and accepted, there certainly is no placefor them in advanced times.Lastly, there should be a limit of religious tolerance with regards tothe manner in which some display their beliefs. Individuals in society shouldnot be subject toa ny violence or restriction of freedom as a consequence ofsomeone elses beliefs. There fork out been numerous illustrations of this in thepast. Individuals have block ed abotion clinics, have participated in violentdemonstrations concerning one issue or another, ad infinitum. These types ofreligiously-fuelled practices have no place in, and should not be tolerated, inpresent day society.For some, the state has been seen to usurp the place of God on occasion.The fervent belief held by Jehovahs Witnesses, in assence, acts as the basis oftheir religious dissent. There have been certain areas of the law, whichhistorically, have given rise to the engagement between the Canadian legal systemand Jahovahs Witnesses. As a consequent of this conflict, a myriad of implicationshave arisen.